Monthly Archives: February 2026

Woodhead runaways

Woodhead station and tunnels (1975)

Whiling away a couple of hours in Nottingham Local Studies Library I came across a memoir by L Geoffrey Raynor, Geoff:  44 years a railwayman (Plowright 2000).  Mr Raynor joined the LNER as a messenger boy and successively worked as train-register lad, signalman, controller and finally senior accident clerk at Doncaster from before the Second World War until he retired.

My eye chanced on a story about the notorious Woodhead Tunnel in the latter days of steam.  Driving a steam locomotive three miles through the uphill single bore was unusually difficult and deeply unpleasant because it was often impossible to see, and sometimes impossible to breathe.

If the loco stalled, there was nothing to be done but to start up in pitch darkness – darkness so impenetrable that the walls of the tunnel were invisible, and it was possible unintentionally to restart in reverse.  The only way to know whether the loco was going forwards or backwards was to scrape a shovel along the tunnel lining.

According to Mr Raynor, at least once a train propelled out of the portal in full reverse and collided with the train behind it.  I can’t find a record of such an incident in the excellent Railways Archive website http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/, which mentions two Woodhead Tunnel accidents, on March 24th 1875 and September 24th 1936. 

The latter would be within Mr Raynor’s memory-span, but the Archive doesn’t carry documents relating to the incident.  The data-file states there were no fatalities or injuries and specifies the results as “train split, runaway train portion, collision, derailment”.  It adds, “We believe that this accident was not the subject of a published formal accident investigation.”

According to newspaper reports, the 1875 derailment was caused by the unexplained presence of a platelayer’s trolley on the track.  A fast goods train smashed into the trolley, damaged the track and several wagons.  There were no injuries, but the clearance operation created a queue of sixteen trains waiting to proceed until an emergency two-way signalling operation was arranged through the adjacent single-line tunnel.

The 1936 collision took place in the eastbound tunnel, which climbs towards Dunford Bridge, when a freight train split, allowing wagons to roll westbound back down the grade.  The guard, James Ernest Sykes, managed to stop the runaway by means of the brake in his van, and rushed to plant detonators and red danger lights to alert an oncoming train.  He was unsuccessful and fortunately uninjured, and when the second train collided with the wreckage its locomotive remained on the rails and the driver and fireman were unharmed.  The guard of the second train was, as it happened, a Mr P Sykes.

The wreckage damaged the tunnel lining, and the following day part of the arch unexpectedly collapsed on top of the team sent to repair it.  One man, Maurice Clarke, aged 37, was killed.  It was the day of his fifteenth wedding anniversary. Three others were seriously injured along with a number of minor casualties.

Neither of these incidents bears any resemblance to Mr Raynor’s account of a collision beyond the tunnel between a loaded train running in reverse wrong-line and another proceeding normally.

A contributor to a now-deleted forum quotes from Trains in Trouble (1996 – one of a series by Alan Earnshaw, see http://www.amazon.co.uk/Trains-Trouble-Accidents-Pictures-1868-1968/dp/0906899699/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1305662350&sr=1-1) which identifies 54 examples of runaways through the Woodhead tunnels.

Another frightening trans-Pennine tunnel accident that miraculously caused neither fatalities nor injuries is described at Trouble at Summit | Mike Higginbottom Interesting Times.

Museum of Cider, Hereford

Museum of Cider, Hereford

The Museum of Cider in Hereford is outstanding, with skilful interpretive material and a rich collection of objects.  It was educational in the best sense – interesting and fun. 

It stands on the site of Henry Percival Bulmer’s first cider-making factory dating from 1888.  Two of the Museum’s founders, Bertram Bulmer and Norman Weston, belonged to cider families, and teamed up with the Director of Long Ashton Research Station, John Hudson, to begin a far-sighted project, the  Hereford Cider Museum Trust, in 1973 to rescue evidence of the history of their industry. 

They spent a decade building the Archive of Cider Pomology, collecting oral-history and moving-image records of processes that were going out of use, gathering artefacts and surveying the remaining sites connected with the farming of apples and the manufacture of cider and other fruit-based drinks.

Bertram Bulmer had a flair for public relations.  He took advantage of the fact that the factory was rail-connected to create Bulmer’s Cider Train.  At a time when British Railways was desperate to eliminate steam locomotives on their lines, Bertram Bulmer bought five redundant Pullman coaches and leased the locomotive 6000 King George V from Swindon Borough Council to operate a mobile exhibition train from 1968 to 1987.

The Cider Museum opened to the public in 1981, showing how apples are processed from orchard to bottle.  It’s a complicated process, first encouraged in the seventeenth century by John, 1st Viscount Scudamore (1601-1671).  When the apples are harvested, they are scratted (pressed) in a mill to a pulp, which is sandwiched between layers of sweet straw and squeezed to extract the juice.  Yeast is introduced into the juice either in an open vat or a closed cask for three months to three years, ready for bottling.

All this and much more is shown in the Museum by exhibits, illustrations and copious readable interpretative displays.

The range of ciders is vast:  blending cider from different types of apple gives a wide variety of colour and taste;  sparkling versions are created by a version of the méthode champenoise;  adding liqueur to cider makes cider brandy.  Cider made with pears is called perry, of which the best known is Babycham, devised by the Somerset brewer, Thomas Showering.

The popularity of cider as an alternative to beer had a profound effect on the local economy.  Farmers found it profitable to maintain their orchards rather than grow arable crops or raise livestock.  Industrialisation and rail transport enabled the cider-makers to develop markets in the growing towns and cities of the nineteenth century.

The Museum displays a wealth of art and artefacts – illustrations, advertisements, labels, bottles, glassware.  There is a gallery of framed illustrations from the rare Herefordshire Pomona, a catalogue of 441 watercolours by Alice Blanche Ellis and Edith Elizabeth Bull (1878-85):  HOGG, ROBERT,, The Herefordshire Pomona..

The visitor route begins at a huge seventeenth-century horse-powered circular French cider mill and a mobile cider press.  There’s a cooperage, casks of all sizes and a fermentation vessel, displays of bottling and capping machinery and an abundance of bottles.

Although the Museum is located in Hereford it reaches out to the other cider-producing areas of England – the Three Counties (Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire) and the South-west (Somerset, Devon and Cornwall).

I chose not to sample the cider, and it’s too heavy to carry on a train, but the coffee was excellent, served in a cafetière with a Dorset apple cake which signals that the place isn’t parochial.

 The Museum of Cider is well worth two or three hours, something to eat and some means of carting bottles home:  Visit Us | Cider Museum.

Two town halls

Sheffield Town Hall
Sheffield Town Hall
Old Town Hall, Waingate, Sheffield (2023)
Old Town Hall, Waingate, Sheffield (2023) © Simon Hollis

Sheffield is fortunate in having an array of voluntary organisations each committed to safeguarding the city’s heritage – among them (in alphabetical order) Hallamshire Historic Buildings, Joined Up Heritage Sheffield, Sheffield Civic Trust and The Victorian Society South Yorkshire Group.

These bodies are sorely needed because the city’s track record of valuing and conserving its historic buildings is – to put it politely – patchy.  Sheffield is rightly proud of its acknowledged status as the Home of Football, its tradition of craft beers and breweries, the Crucible and Lyceum Theatres and the Sheffield Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus.

Sheffield Museums tells Sheffield history through its artefacts, and the city’s built heritage includes five Grade I structures and sixty-seven at Grade II*.  The city’s listed buildings range from a 1929 police box, at least five K6 telephone boxes and numerous post boxes to the largest listed building in Europe – Park Hill Flats (1957-61).

Volunteer advocacy and action have played a part in safeguarding empty and decaying buildings across the city.  Within sight of each other across Fitzalan Square stand Canada House (the former Sheffield United Gas Company headquarters), the Creative Industries Institute (formerly the General Post Office) and the new S1 Artspace headquarters (originally an earlier General Post Office, later the Sheffield Stock Exchange and latterly Yorkshire Bank Chambers) – all of them repurposed for future use.

However, the recent losses are manifold:  the Market Tavern, Exchange Street;  the Old Coroner’s Court, Nursery Street and the Wiley & Co façade, 23-25 Haymarket were demolished within twelve months in 2024.  None of them were listed, and the Market Tavern was owned by the City Council.

The City Council has in the past had much to answer for, but it can’t print money.  One of the notorious cases of neglect is the Old Town Hall, which the Council has never actually owned.  It has suffered continual neglect since it was sold by its historic owners, the Sheffield Town Trust, in 2000.

Nigel Slack, chair of the Victorian Society South Yorkshire Group, wrote in its January 2026 newsletter that refurbishing the Grade I-listed “new” Town Hall after thirty years of minimal maintenance will cost between £320 and £420 million, which creates concern that the limited municipal support for historic buildings will effectively dry up.

In the same month, Sheffield’s online news outlet, The Tribune, ran an article by Dan Hayes, ‘Are we England’s friendliest city?’, pointing out that the city has at least 249 “Friends” organisations, whereas Nottingham has only five.  Alongside an estimate that if the volunteers’ effort was rewarded at the level of the current minimum wage it would cost well over £2 million a year, Dan pointed out the social benefits of the camaraderie which volunteers enjoy while contributing thousands of hours of their free time. They enjoy what they do pro bono, and their neighbours benefit from the results of their labour.

The City Council has encouraged local voluntary groups to take care of heritage assets since the early 1990s, but as funds dried up, so did the amount of practical support that the volunteers received, yet they carried on.  Different groups, from the Wadsley and Loxley Commoners to the Friends of Wardsend Cemetery and the 100-acre Shire Brook Valley Nature Reserve, enrich their locality in differing ways, because they have attracted enthusiastic individuals who have bonded through a common purpose.  One project officer describes the volunteers as “the life and soul of the site”.

Some groups have more frustrations than success: the Friends of the Old Town Hall have doggedly monitored the building’s decay since 2014 and any practical rescue scheme will be built on the foundation of their efforts.

A trustee of one of the organisations not mentioned here wearily commented that it seemed government policy to let charities run the country.  Scepticism in these circumstances is understandable, but it’s the spirit of bonhomie that will carry forward popular efforts to safeguard the local heritage.

Nevertheless, before the current cohort of volunteers feel their age, they need to encourage younger people to join in and offer their energy.

That’s the vital challenge that must be addressed alongside the fundraising and the myriad practical tasks that keep the environment healthy.

Demolished Sheffield illustrates some of the Sheffield buildings that have been demolished since the mid-1970s, alongside others that remain but face an uncertain future.

Sheffield’s historic buildings have been retained or rescued in times past by citizens alert to their value, but much has been lost, and some of it is regretted.

Mike Higginbottom’s text draws attention to some of the reasons why much-loved landmarks bite the dust, and queries whether some of them could have had a future.

In particular, the book gives examples of surviving buildings that fall beneath the radar of listing and conservation-area status but can make an important contribution to the townscape and to community well-being.

Demolished Sheffield has 112 A4 pages in full colour and features twenty-seven sites across the city, and one in the Borough of Rotherham. 

For details please click here.

To purchase, please click here, or send a cheque for £20.00 per copy payable to Mike Higginbottom at 63 Vivian Road, Sheffield, S5 6WJ.

Contact:  0114-242-0951 or 07946-650672 or mike@mikehigginbottominterestingtimes.co.uk